NECO Biology Questions and Answers 2026 Essay And Objective
The NECO Biology 2026 Examination is one of the major science subjects in the National Examinations Council (NECO) Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE). Biology is an important subject for candidates seeking admission into science-related courses such as Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Agriculture, and other health or life science courses.
NECO Biology Answers 2026
NECO ENUGU STATE / DELTA
NECO BIOLOGY
NUMBER ONE
(1ai)
Nutrition is the process by which living organisms obtain, digest, absorb and utilize food nutrients for growth, energy production, repair of worn-out tissues and maintenance of body functions.
(1aii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Building and repairing body tissues.
(ii) Promoting growth and development.
(iii) Forming enzymes.
(iv) Producing hormones.
(v) Forming antibodies for body defence.
(vi) Transporting oxygen and other substances.
(vii) Supplying energy when necessary.
(viii) Maintaining fluid and acid-base balance.
(1aiii)
(i) They are white blood cells.
(ii) They can change their shape.
(iii) They move by amoeboid movement.
(iv) They engulf and digest pathogens by phagocytosis.
(v) They contain many lysosomes.
(vi) They can move out of blood vessels into body tissues.
(vii) They destroy germs and other foreign particles.
(viii) They remove dead cells and tissue debris.
(1bi)
=stoma=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaf.
(ii) Allows oxygen to leave the leaf.
(iii) Permits transpiration.
(iv) Regulates water loss.
(v) Facilitates gaseous exchange.
(vi) Maintains the plant’s water balance.
(1bii)
=synovial fluid=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Lubricates the joints.
(ii) Reduces friction between bones.
(iii) Absorbs shock during movement.
(iv) Nourishes the articular cartilage.
(v) Removes waste products from cartilage.
(vi) Allows smooth movement of joints.
(1biii)
=Tendon=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Attaches muscles to bones.
(ii) Transmits muscular force to bones.
(iii) Enables body movement.
(iv) Stabilizes joints.
(v) Maintains posture.
(vi) Prevents excessive stretching of muscles.
(1biv)
=Root hair=
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Absorbs water from the soil.
(ii) Absorbs mineral salts.
(iii) Increases the surface area for absorption.
(iv) Anchors the plant firmly in the soil.
(v) Transfers absorbed water into the root.
(vi) Improves nutrient uptake.
(1c)
Draw the diagram below
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(1ai)
Tolerance is the ability of a living organism to withstand or survive changes in environmental conditions within certain limits without being harmed.
(1aii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Oxygen
(ii) Carbon dioxide
(iii) Digested food (nutrients)
(iv) Water
(v) Mineral salts
(vi) Hormones
(vii) Urea and other metabolic wastes
(viii) Antibodies
(1b)
(i) Prophase
(ii) Metaphase
(iii) Anaphase
(iv) Telophase
(1c)
(i) Termites live in colonies where they cooperate in feeding, defence, and reproduction, increasing their chances of survival.
(ii) They exhibit division of labour, with workers, soldiers, and reproductive termites performing specialized functions for the benefit of the colony.
(iii) They build protective mounds and underground tunnels that provide shelter from predators, harsh weather, and water loss.
(iv) They forage through covered mud tunnels, protecting themselves from enemies and direct sunlight while searching for food.
(v) Worker termites care for the eggs and young by feeding, grooming, and protecting them until they mature, ensuring the continuity of the colony.
(2ai)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Kidney
(ii) Lungs
(iii) Skin
(iv) Gills
(v) Nephridia
(vi) Malpighian tubules
(vii) Contractile vacuole
(2aii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Kidney – Human
(ii) Lungs – Goat
(iii) Skin – Frog
(iv) Gills – Fish
(v) Nephridia – Earthworm
(vi) Malpighian tubules – Cockroach
(vii) Contractile vacuole – Amoeba
(2bi)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Both remove metabolic waste products from the body.
(ii) Both help maintain water balance (osmoregulation).
(iii) Both regulate the salt or ion content of the body.
(iv) Both help maintain a constant internal environment.
(v) Both eliminate nitrogenous wastes.
(vi) Both are richly supplied with blood or body fluid for filtration.
(2bii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Earthworm has a simple excretory system, while mammals have a complex excretory system.
(ii) Earthworm has numerous excretory structures distributed throughout the body, while mammals have only two kidneys.
(iii) In earthworm, the excretory structures are found in almost every body segment, while in mammals the kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity.
(iv) Earthworm excretes mainly ammonia, while mammals excrete mainly urea.
(v) Earthworm has no urinary bladder, while mammals have a urinary bladder for storing urine.
(vi) In earthworm, excretory wastes pass directly to the outside through body pores, while in mammals urine passes through the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
(vii) Earthworm filters coelomic fluid during excretion, while mammals filter blood.
(viii) Earthworm has a less efficient excretory system, while mammals have a more efficient excretory system.
(2c)
(i) During the day, guard cells accumulate potassium ions and sugars, causing water to enter by osmosis.
(ii) The guard cells become turgid and curve outward because their inner walls are thicker than the outer walls.
(iii) This causes the stomatal pore to open, allowing gaseous exchange and transpiration.
(iv) At night or during water shortage, potassium ions and sugars leave the guard cells, and water moves out by osmosis.
(v) The guard cells become flaccid, causing the stomatal pore to close and reducing water loss.
(3ai)
=Protein=
(i) Carbon
(ii) Hydrogen
(iii) Oxygen
=Carbohydrate=
(i) Carbon
(ii) Hydrogen
(iii) Oxygen
(3aii)
Check the diagram
(3aiii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Birth rate (Natality)
(ii) Death rate (Mortality)
(iii) Immigration
(iv) Emigration
(v) Availability of food
(vi) Diseases
(3bi)
Swarming is the movement of a large number of organisms together from one place to another, usually for reproduction, feeding, or colonization.
(3bii)
An epidemic is the rapid spread of a disease that affects a large number of people or organisms in a particular area within a short period.
(3ci)
Parthenocarpy is the development of a fruit without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruits.
(3cii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Abstinence
(ii) Condom
(iii) Oral contraceptive pills
(iv) Intrauterine device (IUD)
(v) Injectable contraceptives
(vi) Vasectomy
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This page provides Legit NECO Biology Essay And Objective Questions and Answers for the 2026 examination. Candidates are advised to subscribe on time and get both questions and Answers before the examination.
Our goal is to help candidates understand the likely areas NECO may focus on and improve their chances of performing excellently in the examination.
This guide will cover:
- NECO Biology Objective Questions and Answers 2026 (OBJ)
- NECO Biology Essay Questions and Answers 2026
- Important Biology Topics to Revise
- Biology Practical Areas to Focus On
- Important Examination Tips
Important Notice: Candidates are strongly advised to study their textbooks, class notes, and past questions thoroughly. Do not rely entirely on likely questions.
NECO Biology Examination Date 2026
Candidates sitting for the 2026 NECO Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) should take note of the official date and time for Biology.
| Subject | Date | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Biology (Objective & Essay) | Monday, 29th June 2026 | 10:00 am – 12:30 pm |
The Biology paper will consist of two major sections:
- Objective (OBJ): Multiple-choice questions
- Essay (Theory): Structured and long-answer questions
Candidates are expected to answer all objective questions and the required number of essay questions within the allocated time.
It is important to note that the Biology Practical Examination was scheduled earlier on:
Friday, 26th June 2026
10:00 am – 12:00 noon
Candidates are advised to arrive early at their examination centres and ensure they come with all necessary writing materials.
NECO Biology OBJ Questions and Answers 2026
Below are likely NECO Biology Objective Questions and Answers for the 2026 examination. Candidates should practice these questions and study similar topics thoroughly.
1. The basic unit of life is ________.
A. Tissue
B. Organ
C. Cell
D. Nucleus
Answer: C (Cell)
2. Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the ________.
A. Root
B. Chloroplast
C. Nucleus
D. Cytoplasm
Answer: B (Chloroplast)
3. The movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane is called ________.
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Transpiration
D. Respiration
Answer: B (Osmosis)
4. Which of the following is a vertebrate?
A. Earthworm
B. Snail
C. Grasshopper
D. Fish
Answer: D (Fish)
5. The organ responsible for pumping blood in mammals is the ________.
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. Lung
Answer: C (Heart)
6. Which of these is an example of a producer?
A. Goat
B. Lion
C. Green Plant
D. Human
Answer: C (Green Plant)
7. Respiration in living cells produces ________.
A. Oxygen
B. Energy
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Nitrogen
Answer: B (Energy)
8. The process by which green plants manufacture food is called ________.
A. Digestion
B. Nutrition
C. Photosynthesis
D. Respiration
Answer: C (Photosynthesis)
9. The female reproductive cell is called ________.
A. Sperm
B. Ovum
C. Zygote
D. Embryo
Answer: B (Ovum)
10. The largest organ in the human body is the ________.
A. Liver
B. Heart
C. Skin
D. Kidney
Answer: C (Skin)
More NECO Biology OBJ questions and verified answers will be updated here before the examination.
NECO Biology Essay Questions and Answers 2026
Below are likely NECO Biology Essay Questions and Answers for the 2026 examination. Candidates are advised to study these likely questions and revise similar topics thoroughly before the examination.
Question 1
Differentiate between plant cell and animal cell.
Answer:
| Plant Cell | Animal Cell |
|---|---|
| Has cell wall | No cell wall |
| Has chloroplast | No chloroplast |
| Usually rectangular in shape | Usually irregular or round |
| Has large vacuole | Has small vacuoles |
Question 2
Explain the process of photosynthesis.
Answer:
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants manufacture food using carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and sunlight.
During photosynthesis, plants absorb water through their roots and carbon dioxide through stomata in the leaves. In the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll, these materials are converted into glucose and oxygen.
The equation for photosynthesis is:
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
Question 3
State three functions of the skeleton in mammals.
Answer:
- Provides support to the body.
- Protects delicate internal organs.
- Enables movement with the help of muscles.
Question 4
Explain food chain and food web.
Answer:
A food chain is a simple feeding relationship showing the transfer of energy from producers to consumers.
Example:
Grass → Goat → Man
A food web is a complex feeding relationship made up of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.
Biology Practical Topics to Revise
Although the NECO Biology Practical Examination has already been conducted, candidates should still revise practical-related topics because NECO may set theory questions based on practical concepts.
Important practical areas to revise include:
- Specimen identification
- Classification of organisms
- Drawing biological diagrams
- Microscopy and microscope parts
- Food tests
- Ecology practical
- Adaptation of organisms
- Observation and experimental procedures
Important Practical Specimens to Know
- Fish
- Toad
- Earthworm
- Insects
- Seeds and fruits
- Leaves
- Roots
- Flowers
Candidates should know the features, functions, habitat, and adaptive characteristics of each specimen.
Important Biology Topics for NECO 2026
Candidates preparing for NECO Biology 2026 should pay special attention to important topics that are frequently repeated in past examinations.
Key Topics to Revise
- Cell Structure and Organization
- Nutrition in Plants and Animals
- Transport System
- Respiration
- Excretion
- Reproduction
- Ecology
- Genetics
- Evolution
- Variation
- Growth and Development
- Sense Organs
- Nervous Coordination
- Skeleton and Support
- Habitats and Adaptation
Most Repeated Topics in NECO Biology
Based on previous NECO Biology questions, candidates should focus more on:
- Photosynthesis
- Human digestive system
- Respiratory system
- Food chain and food web
- Inheritance and genetics
- Ecological relationships
- Classification of living things
Mastering these topics will significantly improve your chances of scoring high in the NECO Biology examination.
NECO Biology Exam Instructions
Candidates writing the 2026 NECO Biology Examination are advised to carefully follow all examination instructions to avoid mistakes that could affect their performance.
Proper preparation and compliance with NECO examination rules will help candidates have a smooth examination experience.
Important Instructions for Candidates
- Arrive at your examination centre at least 30 minutes before the exam starts.
- Come with all necessary writing materials such as pens, pencils, erasers, and rulers.
- Read all instructions carefully before attempting any question.
- Ensure you write your examination number correctly.
- Answer all objective questions.
- Attempt the required number of essay questions.
- Manage your time properly between objective and essay sections.
- Avoid examination malpractice.
- Do not bring mobile phones or unauthorized materials into the examination hall.
Candidates should remain calm and focused throughout the examination.
How to Score High in NECO Biology
Scoring high in NECO Biology requires proper preparation, effective revision, and smart examination strategies.
Below are practical tips that can help candidates perform excellently in the Biology examination.
1. Study Past Questions
Past questions help you understand the examination pattern and identify commonly repeated topics.
2. Focus on Important Topics
Pay more attention to topics such as Ecology, Genetics, Cell Structure, Photosynthesis, Reproduction, and Transport System.
3. Practice Biological Diagrams
Learn how to draw and label important Biology diagrams neatly.
4. Master Key Definitions
NECO often asks candidates to define biological terms. Ensure you understand standard definitions.
5. Revise Class Notes and Textbooks
Combine your notes with recommended textbooks for better understanding.
6. Practice Objective Questions
The more objective questions you practice, the faster and more accurate you become.
7. Manage Your Time
Allocate enough time to both objective and essay sections during the exam.
8. Stay Confident
Confidence, proper preparation, and focus can greatly improve your performance.
Conclusion
The NECO Biology Examination 2026 is an important paper for all science students, especially those planning to pursue science-related courses in higher institutions. Success in Biology requires proper preparation, regular practice, and a solid understanding of important topics.
Candidates are strongly advised to focus on frequently repeated topics such as Cell Structure, Photosynthesis, Ecology, Genetics, Reproduction, Respiration, and Transport Systems. These areas have consistently appeared in previous NECO Biology examinations and remain very important.
In addition to studying theory topics, candidates should also revise practical concepts, specimen identification, and biological diagrams, as NECO often tests practical knowledge in the theory paper.
Remember that success in NECO Biology does not depend on last-minute reading alone. It requires consistency, discipline, and effective time management. Make use of your textbooks, class notes, recommended materials, and past questions to strengthen your preparation.
We will continue updating this page with more verified NECO Biology objective and essay questions before the examination. Candidates are advised to bookmark this page and check regularly for fresh updates and additional likely questions.
We wish all NECO candidates success in their 2026 Biology Examination.
If you found this guide helpful, kindly share it with your classmates, friends, and other NECO candidates preparing for the Biology examination.
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